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European Diesel and Unleaded fuel Prices
Europe's Energy Portal is your trusted source for past, present and projected Energy Prices and Trends.

Crude Oil (OPEC Basket) 108.70 US$/bbl
Electricity Index (ELIX) 40.35 €/MWh
Gaspool 24.90 €/MWh
EU Emissions Allowances 6.45 €/t CO2

Global Outlook Report on Environment
IP/12/390 Date: 23/04/2012
Initiative to help achieve access to sustainable energy
IP/12/372 Date: 16/04/2012
RE implementation in Finland, Greece and Poland
IP/12/278 Date: 22/03/2012
National energy legislation in eight States not in line with EU rules
IP/12/181 Date: 27/02/2012
EU-Turkey: Closer cooperation on energy brings mutual benefits
MEMO/12/92 Date: 09/02/2012
EC takes UK and Ireland to court on gas market lack of competition
IP/12/52 Date: 26/01/2012
The EU Energy Roadmap 2050
MEMO/11/914 Date: 15/12/2011
EU commits an extra €1.3BN to the ITER project
MEMO/11/865 Date: 02/15/2011
EU aids in decommissioning of old Soviet type nuclear reactors
IP/11/1449 Date: 24/11/2011
EC sets out new safety standards for offshore oil and gas operations
IP/11/1260 Date: 27/10/2011
EC plan to allocate €50 billion for European networks
IP/11/1200 Date: 19/10/2011
Adoption of new rules on wholesale electricity and gas trading
IP/11/1168 Date: 10/10/2011
EU Commissioner's speech on completion of the EU internal energy market
SPEECH/11/614 Date: 29/09/2011
Improved EU coordination on Energy
IP/11/1005 Date: 07/09/2011
EU sustainability schemes for biofuels
IP/11/901 Date: 19/07/2011
EC proposes cut in SO2 emissions
IP/11/888 Date: 15/07/2011
New EC Energy Efficiency Directive
MEMO/11/440 Date: 22/06/2011
Belgium called upon to comply with EU legislation
IP/11/733 Date: 16/06/2011
Portugal asked to change its end-user gas price regulation scheme
IP/11/590 Date: 19/05/2011
What are the 'Nuclear Stress Tests'?
MEMO/11/286 Date: 11/05/2011

 Actual prices per one liter of fuel. Download fuel price data for the past 12 years.

Unleaded (Superbleifrei, Euro sans plomb, Euro95) Diesel (Gazole, Gasóleo)
Country
Retail Price
Price (Excluding VAT)
Retail Price
Price (Excluding VAT)
Austria € 1.415 € 1.179 € 1.365 € 1.138
Belgium € 1.690 € 1.397 € 1.495 € 1.236
Bulgaria € 1.291 2.52 лв. € 1.076 2.10 лв. € 1.327 2.59 лв. € 1.106 2.16 лв.
Cyprus € 1.348 € 1.152 € 1.348 € 1.152
Czech Republic € 1.466 37.60 Kč € 1.222 31.33 Kč € 1.431 36.70 Kč € 1.193 30.58 Kč
Denmark € 1.750 13.01 kr € 1.400 10.41 kr € 1.584 11.78 kr € 1.267 9.42 kr
Estonia € 1.299 € 1.083 € 1.284 € 1.070
Finland € 1.660 € 1.350 € 1.507 € 1.225
France € 1.712 € 1.431 € 1.555 € 1.300
Germany € 1.642 € 1.380 € 1.472 € 1.237
Greece € 1.747 € 1.420 € 1.551 € 1.261
Hungary € 1.472 432 Ft € 1.159 340 Ft € 1.485 436 Ft € 1.169 343 Ft
Ireland € 1.642 € 1.335 € 1.551 € 1.261
Italy € 1.837 € 1.518 € 1.735 € 1.434
Latvia € 1.387 Ls 0.967 € 1.137 Ls 0.793 € 1.337 Ls 0.932 € 1.096 Ls 0.764
Lithuania € 1.434 Lt 4.95 € 1.185 Lt 4.09 € 1.338 Lt 4.62 € 1.106 Lt 3.82
Luxembourg € 1.389 € 1.208 € 1.340 € 1.165
Malta € 1.500 € 1.271 € 1.400 € 1.186
Netherlands € 1.801 € 1.513 € 1.464 € 1.230
Poland € 1.352 5.84 zł € 1.099 4.75 zł € 1.313 5.67 zł € 1.067 4.61 zł
Portugal € 1.758 € 1.429 € 1.503 € 1.222
Romania € 1.314 5.84 lei € 1.060 4.71 lei € 1.330 5.91 lei € 1.073 4.77 lei
Slovakia € 1.589 € 1.324 € 1.412 € 1.177
Slovenia € 1.435 € 1.196 € 1.320 € 1.100
Spain € 1.396 € 1.183 € 1.340 € 1.136
Sweden € 1.658 14.98 kr € 1.326 11.98 kr € 1.637 14.79 kr € 1.310 11.83 kr
United Kingdom € 1.737 £ 1.384 € 1.448 £ 1.153 € 1.816 £ 1.447 € 1.513 £ 1.206
EU AVERAGE € 1.545 € 1.277 € 1.453 € 1.201
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Retail (end-user) energy prices for households.
Two consumption levels are identified. Research methodology.
Price data mentioned may not reflect the latest insights found in the commercial editions.

Reference month: November, 2011.
Historical price data going back to the year 2000, visit EU Energy History
Consumption: 15,000 kWh/year or 1,400 m3 of gas (± 25%) Consumption: 30,000 kWh/year or 2,800 m3 of gas (± 30%)
Country € per kWh Natural Gas Country € per kWh Natural Gas
Austria € 0.0630 Austria € 0.0568
Belgium € 0.0646 Belgium € 0.0576
Bulgaria € 0.0456 Bulgaria € 0.0464
Cyprus No data Cyprus No data
Czech Republic € 0.0540 Czech Republic € 0.0514
Denmark € 0.1166 Denmark € 0.1166
Estonia € 0.0425 Estonia € 0.0419
Finland No data Finland No data
France € 0.0622 France € 0.0524
Germany € 0.0615 Germany € 0.0604
Greece No data Greece No data
Hungary € 0.0590 Hungary € 0.0565
Ireland € 0.0573 Ireland € 0.0525
Italy € 0.0831 Italy € 0.0720
Latvia € 0.0421 Latvia € 0.0417
Lithuania € 0.0483 Lithuania € 0.0428
Luxembourg € 0.0515 Luxembourg € 0.0526
Malta No data Malta No data
Netherlands € 0.0772 Netherlands € 0.0730
Poland € 0.0552 Poland € 0.0491
Portugal € 0.0684 Portugal € 0.0596
Romania € 0.0301 Romania € 0.0291
Slovakia € 0.0469 Slovakia € 0.0465
Slovenia € 0.0735 Slovenia € 0.0692
Spain € 0.0590 Spain € 0.0555
Sweden € 0.1134 Sweden € 0.1040
United Kingdom € 0.0465 United Kingdom € 0.0399
Notes:
- End-user price, includes all taxes.
- Amount is in euro (€) per kiloWatthour (kWh).
- EU Average Gross Calorific Value 38.48 (MJ/m3)
- There is no gas price data available for Greece, Cyprus, Malta and Finland.
- Price data for non-eurozone countries are in euro. The average exchange rate valid for the referenced month is applied.

Retail (end-user) energy prices for households.
Two consumption levels are identified. Research methodology.
Price data mentioned may not reflect the latest insights found in the commercial editions.

Reference month: November, 2011.
Historical price data going back to the year 2000, visit EU Energy History
Consumption: 3,500 kWh/year (± 25%) Consumption: 7,500 kWh/year (± 30%)
Country € per kWh Electricity Country € per kWh Electricity
Austria € 0.2128 Austria € 0.1930
Belgium € 0.2215 Belgium € 0.1980
Bulgaria € 0.0934 Bulgaria € 0.0936
Cyprus € 0.2131 Cyprus € 0.2116
Czech Republic € 0.1541 Czech Republic € 0.1279
Denmark € 0.3078 Denmark € 0.2666
Estonia € 0.1130 Estonia € 0.1101
Finland € 0.1574 Finland € 0.1377
France € 0.1478 France € 0.1328
Germany € 0.2781 Germany € 0.2614
Greece € 0.1403 Greece € 0.1623
Hungary € 0.1787 Hungary € 0.1701
Ireland € 0.2162 Ireland € 0.1941
Italy € 0.2164 Italy € 0.2722
Latvia € 0.1174 Latvia € 0.1176
Lithuania € 0.1378 Lithuania € 0.1336
Luxembourg € 0.2013 Luxembourg € 0.1877
Malta € 0.1822 Malta € 0.1929
Netherlands € 0.2202 Netherlands € 0.2464
Poland € 0.1600 Poland € 0.1545
Portugal € 0.1925 Portugal € 0.1753
Romania € 0.1207 Romania € 0.1190
Slovakia € 0.1815 Slovakia € 0.1616
Slovenia € 0.1649 Slovenia € 0.1506
Spain € 0.2154 Spain € 0.1969
Sweden € 0.2066 Sweden € 0.1794
United Kingdom € 0.1676 United Kingdom € 0.1513
Notes:
- End-user price, includes all taxes.
- Amount is in euro (€) per kiloWatthour (kWh).
- Price data for non-eurozone countries are in euro. The average exchange rate valid for the referenced month is applied.

End-user energy prices for industrial consumers.
Two consumption levels are identified. Research methodology.
Price data mentioned may not reflect the latest insights found in the commercial editions.

Reference month: November, 2011.
Historical price data going back to the year 2000, visit EU Energy History
Consumption: 0.25 GWh/year or 23,300 m3 of gas (± 50%) Consumption: 10 GWh/year or 0.933 million m3 of gas (± 50%)
Country € per kWh Natural Gas Country € per kWh Natural Gas
Austria € 0.0406 Austria € 0.0391
Belgium € 0.0517 Belgium € 0.0316
Bulgaria € 0.0358 Bulgaria € 0.0320
Cyprus No data Cyprus No data
Czech Republic € 0.0446 Czech Republic € 0.0379
Denmark € 0.0934 Denmark € 0.0679
Estonia € 0.0342 Estonia € 0.0299
Finland € 0.0363 Finland € 0.0354
France € 0.0523 France € 0.0380
Germany € 0.0504 Germany € 0.0488
Greece No data Greece No data
Hungary € 0.0453 Hungary € 0.0382
Ireland € 0.0452 Ireland € 0.0344
Italy € 0.0507 Italy € 0.0317
Latvia € 0.0387 Latvia € 0.0331
Lithuania € 0.0385 Lithuania € 0.0361
Luxembourg € 0.0470 Luxembourg € 0.0458
Malta No data Malta No data
Netherlands € 0.0609 Netherlands € 0.0362
Poland € 0.0436 Poland € 0.0356
Portugal € 0.0586 Portugal € 0.0365
Romania € 0.0240 Romania € 0.0235
Slovakia € 0.0480 Slovakia € 0.0391
Slovenia € 0.0611 Slovenia € 0.0464
Spain € 0.0446 Spain € 0.0318
Sweden € 0.0658 Sweden € 0.0512
United Kingdom € 0.0392 United Kingdom € 0.0249
Notes:
- Amount is in euro (€) per kiloWatthour (kWh).
- EU Average Gross Calorific Value 38.48 (MJ/m3)
- There is no gas price data available for Greece, Cyprus and Malta.
- End-user price. Includes all duties, except recoverable taxes (e.g. VAT)
- Price data for non-eurozone countries are in euro. The average exchange rate valid for the referenced month is applied.

End-user energy prices for industrial consumers.
Two consumption levels are identified. Research methodology.
Price data mentioned may not reflect the latest insights found in the commercial editions.

Reference month: November, 2011.
Historical price data going back to the year 2000, visit EU Energy History
Consumption: 2 GWh/year (± 50%) Consumption: 20 GWh/year (± 50%)
Country € per kWh Electricity Country € per kWh Electricity
Austria € 0.1213 Austria € 0.1039
Belgium € 0.1182 Belgium € 0.1053
Bulgaria € 0.0746 Bulgaria € 0.0674
Cyprus € 0.1822 Cyprus € 0.1707
Czech Republic € 0.1195 Czech Republic € 0.1072
Denmark € 0.1091 Denmark € 0.1075
Estonia € 0.0817 Estonia € 0.0812
Finland € 0.0784 Finland € 0.0766
France € 0.0763 France € 0.0697
Germany € 0.1340 Germany € 0.1195
Greece € 0.1188 Greece € 0.1036
Hungary € 0.1194 Hungary € 0.1066
Ireland € 0.1303 Ireland € 0.0999
Italy € 0.1565 Italy € 0.1409
Latvia € 0.1015 Latvia € 0.0946
Lithuania € 0.1185 Lithuania € 0.1155
Luxembourg € 0.1180 Luxembourg € 0.0916
Malta € 0.1927 Malta € 0.1713
Netherlands € 0.1181 Netherlands € 0.1063
Poland € 0.1142 Poland € 0.0993
Portugal € 0.1064 Portugal € 0.0931
Romania € 0.0925 Romania € 0.0793
Slovakia € 0.1327 Slovakia € 0.1203
Slovenia € 0.1162 Slovenia € 0.1001
Spain € 0.1271 Spain € 0.1043
Sweden € 0.0887 Sweden € 0.0770
United Kingdom € 0.1149 United Kingdom € 0.1019
Notes:
- Amount is in euro (€) per kiloWatthour (kWh).
- End-user price. Includes all duties, except recoverable taxes (e.g. VAT)
- Price data for non-eurozone countries are in euro. The average exchange rate valid for the referenced month is applied.

The price components that make up the retail price for one liter of fuel.

Crude - Purchase price of one liter of crude.
Margin - Refining, transportation, insurance, stockpiling, distribution and sale to consumers.
Excise duties and VAT - Taxes levied by local governments. May include environment related taxes.

Unleaded (Superbleifrei, Euro sans plomb, Euro95) Diesel (Gazole, Gasóleo)
Country Crude Margin Excise duties VAT Retail price Crude Margin Excise duties VAT Retail price
Austria € 0.537 € 0.160 € 0.482 € 0.236 € 1.415 € 0.537 € 0.203 € 0.397 € 0.228 € 1.365
Belgium € 0.537 € 0.245 € 0.614 € 0.293 € 1.690 € 0.537 € 0.270 € 0.428 € 0.259 € 1.495
Bulgaria € 0.537 € 0.176 € 0.363 € 0.215 € 1.291 € 0.537 € 0.247 € 0.322 € 0.221 € 1.327
Cyprus € 0.537 € 0.256 € 0.359 € 0.196 € 1.348 € 0.537 € 0.285 € 0.330 € 0.196 € 1.348
Czech Republic € 0.537 € 0.168 € 0.516 € 0.244 € 1.466 € 0.537 € 0.215 € 0.440 € 0.239 € 1.431
Denmark € 0.537 € 0.276 € 0.587 € 0.350 € 1.750 € 0.537 € 0.286 € 0.444 € 0.317 € 1.584
Estonia € 0.537 € 0.122 € 0.423 € 0.217 € 1.299 € 0.537 € 0.140 € 0.393 € 0.214 € 1.284
Finland € 0.537 € 0.162 € 0.650 € 0.310 € 1.660 € 0.537 € 0.218 € 0.470 € 0.282 € 1.507
France € 0.537 € 0.287 € 0.607 € 0.281 € 1.712 € 0.537 € 0.335 € 0.428 € 0.255 € 1.555
Germany € 0.537 € 0.189 € 0.654 € 0.262 € 1.642 € 0.537 € 0.230 € 0.470 € 0.235 € 1.472
Greece € 0.537 € 0.213 € 0.670 € 0.327 € 1.747 € 0.537 € 0.312 € 0.412 € 0.290 € 1.551
Hungary € 0.537 € 0.203 € 0.419 € 0.313 € 1.472 € 0.537 € 0.246 € 0.386 € 0.316 € 1.485
Ireland € 0.537 € 0.210 € 0.588 € 0.307 € 1.642 € 0.537 € 0.245 € 0.479 € 0.290 € 1.551
Italy € 0.537 € 0.277 € 0.704 € 0.319 € 1.837 € 0.537 € 0.304 € 0.593 € 0.301 € 1.735
Latvia € 0.537 € 0.192 € 0.408 € 0.250 € 1.387 € 0.537 € 0.229 € 0.330 € 0.241 € 1.337
Lithuania € 0.537 € 0.214 € 0.434 € 0.249 € 1.434 € 0.537 € 0.266 € 0.302 € 0.232 € 1.338
Luxembourg € 0.537 € 0.209 € 0.462 € 0.181 € 1.389 € 0.537 € 0.298 € 0.330 € 0.175 € 1.340
Malta € 0.537 € 0.265 € 0.469 € 0.229 € 1.500 € 0.537 € 0.267 € 0.382 € 0.214 € 1.400
Netherlands € 0.537 € 0.246 € 0.730 € 0.288 € 1.801 € 0.537 € 0.262 € 0.431 € 0.234 € 1.464
Poland € 0.537 € 0.182 € 0.380 € 0.253 € 1.352 € 0.537 € 0.200 € 0.330 € 0.246 € 1.313
Portugal € 0.537 € 0.308 € 0.584 € 0.329 € 1.758 € 0.537 € 0.319 € 0.366 € 0.281 € 1.503
Romania € 0.537 € 0.162 € 0.360 € 0.254 € 1.314 € 0.537 € 0.219 € 0.316 € 0.257 € 1.330
Slovakia € 0.537 € 0.272 € 0.515 € 0.265 € 1.589 € 0.537 € 0.253 € 0.386 € 0.235 € 1.412
Slovenia € 0.537 € 0.168 € 0.491 € 0.239 € 1.435 € 0.537 € 0.202 € 0.361 € 0.220 € 1.320
Spain € 0.537 € 0.221 € 0.425 € 0.213 € 1.396 € 0.537 € 0.267 € 0.331 € 0.204 € 1.340
Sweden € 0.537 € 0.169 € 0.620 € 0.332 € 1.658 € 0.537 € 0.218 € 0.554 € 0.327 € 1.637
United Kingdom € 0.537 € 0.236 € 0.674 € 0.290 € 1.737 € 0.537 € 0.302 € 0.674 € 0.303 € 1.816

The price components that make up the retail price for one liter of fuel.

Crude - Purchase price of one liter of crude. LPG estimated.
Margin - Refining, transportation, insurance, stockpiling, distribution and sale to consumers.
Excise duties and VAT - Taxes levied by local governments. May include environment related taxes.

LPG (GPL, Autogas) HOME HEATING OIL (Heizöl)
Country Crude Margin Excise duties VAT Retail price Crude Margin Excise duties VAT Retail price
Austria No data No data No data No data No data € 0.537 € 0.208 € 0.098 € 0.169 € 1.012
Belgium € 0.237 € 0.306 € 0.000 € 0.114 € 0.657 € 0.537 € 0.192 € 0.017 € 0.157 € 0.904
Bulgaria € 0.237 € 0.194 € 0.093 € 0.105 € 0.630 € 0.537 € 0.208 € 0.026 € 0.154 € 0.925
Cyprus No data No data No data No data No data € 0.537 € 0.275 € 0.125 € 0.159 € 1.096
Czech Republic € 0.237 € 0.268 € 0.086 € 0.118 € 0.710 € 0.537 € 0.249 € 0.027 € 0.163 € 0.975
Denmark € 0.237 € 0.480 € 0.272 € 0.247 € 1.237 € 0.537 € 0.329 € 0.342 € 0.302 € 1.510
Estonia € 0.237 € 0.354 € 0.067 € 0.132 € 0.790 € 0.537 € 0.206 € 0.111 € 0.171 € 1.025
Finland No data No data No data No data No data € 0.537 € 0.240 € 0.161 € 0.216 € 1.154
France € 0.237 € 0.516 € 0.058 € 0.159 € 0.970 € 0.537 € 0.233 € 0.057 € 0.162 € 0.989
Germany € 0.237 € 0.350 € 0.097 € 0.130 € 0.814 € 0.537 € 0.181 € 0.061 € 0.148 € 0.927
Greece No data No data No data No data No data € 0.537 € 0.251 € 0.060 € 0.195 € 1.044
Hungary € 0.237 € 0.297 € 0.087 € 0.168 € 0.789 € 0.537 € 0.296 € 0.386 € 0.329 € 1.547
Ireland € 0.237 No data No data No data No data € 0.537 € 0.345 € 0.089 € 0.131 € 1.102
Italy € 0.237 € 0.311 € 0.149 € 0.146 € 0.843 € 0.537 € 0.287 € 0.403 € 0.258 € 1.485
Latvia € 0.237 € 0.199 € 0.068 € 0.111 € 0.615 € 0.537 € 0.257 € 0.021 € 0.179 € 0.995
Lithuania € 0.237 € 0.188 € 0.163 € 0.124 € 0.712 € 0.537 € 0.166 € 0.021 € 0.152 € 0.876
Luxembourg € 0.237 € 0.278 € 0.055 € 0.034 € 0.604 € 0.537 € 0.200 € 0.010 € 0.090 € 0.837
Malta No data No data No data No data No data € 0.537 € 0.193 € 0.142 € 0.157 € 1.030
Netherlands € 0.237 € 0.379 € 0.090 € 0.134 € 0.841 € 0.537 € 0.098 € 0.126 € 0.145 € 0.906
Poland € 0.237 € 0.204 € 0.101 € 0.125 € 0.667 € 0.537 € 0.202 € 0.053 € 0.182 € 0.975
Portugal € 0.237 € 0.401 € 0.069 € 0.162 € 0.869 € 0.537 € 0.241 € 0.292 € 0.246 € 1.317
Romania € 0.237 € 0.257 € 0.069 € 0.135 € 0.698 € 0.537 € 0.117 € 0.316 € 0.233 € 1.203
Slovakia € 0.237 € 0.271 € 0.098 € 0.121 € 0.727 € 0.537 € 0.146 € 0.168 € 0.170 € 1.022
Slovenia € 0.237 € 0.361 € 0.067 € 0.133 € 0.798 € 0.537 € 0.187 € 0.134 € 0.172 € 1.029
Spain € 0.237 € 0.258 € 0.031 € 0.095 € 0.620 € 0.537 € 0.191 € 0.085 € 0.146 € 0.959
Sweden No data No data No data No data No data € 0.537 € 0.177 € 0.428 € 0.286 € 1.428
United Kingdom € 0.237 € 0.454 € 0.197 € 0.178 € 1.066 € 0.537 € 0.072 € 0.130 € 0.148 € 0.886

In most EU member states electricity utilities now buy electricity generated from renewable sources produced by individuals and companies. Prices paid for 'self-produced' electricity is called a feed-in tariff. Prices are in euros per kilowatt-hour (€/kWh).
'0.29-0.46' is a price range from 0.29 €/kWh to 0.46 €/kWh, depending on the amount produced.
Prices valid for April 1st, 2010.

Member state Windpower 'On-shore' Wind power 'Off-shore'  Solar PV Biomass Hydro
Austria 0.073 0.073 0.29 - 0.46 0.06 -0.16 n/a
Belgium n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Bulgaria 0.07 - 0.09 0.07 - 0.09 0.34 - 0.38 0.08 - 0.10 0.045
Cyprus 0.166 0.166 0.34 0.135 n/a
Czech Republic 0.108 0.108 0.455 0.077 - 0.103 0.081
Denmark 0.035 n/a n/a 0.039 n/a
Estonia 0.051 0.051 0.051 0.051 0.051
Finland n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
France 0.082 0.31 - 0.58 n/a 0.125 0.06
Germany 0.05 - 0.09 0.13 - 0.15 0.29 - 0.55 0.08 - 0.12 0.04 - 0.13
Greece 0.07 - 0.09 0.07 - 0.09 0.55 0.07 - 0.08 0.07 - 0.08
Hungary n/a n/a 0.097 n/a 0.029 - 0.052
Ireland 0.059 0.059 n/a 0.072 0.072
Italy 0.3 0.3 0.36 - 0.44 0.2 - 0.3 0.22
Latvia 0.11 0.11 n/a n/a n/a
Lithuania 0.10 0.10 n/a 0.08 0.07
Luxembourg 0.08 - 0.10 0.08 - 0.10 0.28 - 0.56 0.103 - 0.128 0.079 - 0.103
Malta n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Netherlands 0.118 0.186 0.459 - 0.583 0.115 - 0.177 0.073 - 0.125
Poland n/a n/a n/a 0.038 n/a
Portugal 0.074 0.074 0.31 - 0.45 0.1 - 0.11 0.075
Romania n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Slovakia 0.05- 0.09 0.05- 0.09 0.27 0.072 - 0.10 0.066 - 0.10
Slovenia 0.087 - 0.094 0.087 - 0.095 0.267 - 0.414 0.074 - 0.224 0.077 - 0.105
Spain 0.073 0.073 0.32 - 0.34 0.107 - 0.158 0.077
Sweden n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
United Kingdom 0.31 n/a 0.42 0.12 0.23


EU imports of natural gas, by country of origin in 2009
Country: Import %  
Russian Federation 34.00  
Norway 31.00  
Algeria 14.00  
Qatar 5.00  
Libya 3.00  
Nigeria 2.00  
Egypt 2.00  
other 9.00  
EU imports of crude oil, by country of origin in 2009
Country: Import %  
OPEC 35.00  
Russian Federation 33.00  
Norway 15.00  
Kazakhstan 5.00  
Azerbaijan 4.00  
other 8.00  

Energy import dependence of EU member states in 2009
Country: Import %  
Austria 65.00  
Belgium 74.20  
Bulgaria 45.30  
Cyprus 97.30  
Czech Republic 26.90  
Denmark -18.80  
Estonia 21.20  
Finland 54.40  
France 51.30  
Germany 61.60  
Greece 67.80  
Hungary 58.80  
Ireland 88.00  
Italy 82.90  
Latvia 58.80  
Lithuania 51.20  
Luxembourg 97.60  
Malta 100.00  
Netherlands 36.50  
Poland 31.70  
Portugal 80.90  
Romania 20.30  
Slovakia 64.40  
Slovenia 49.00  
Spain 79.40  
Sweden 37.40  
United Kingdom 26.60  

Are the European member states meeting their Kyoto 2012 carbon dioxide(CO2) emission targets?
Countries in the green do well and emit less than their 2012 target. The countries in the red emit more than their Kyoto target.
Figures are in Megaton (Mt CO2-eq).

EU MEMBER STATE
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
KYOTO TARGET
2012
% UNDER KYOTO TARGET
  ESTONIA   21.2   21.2   20.7   19.2   22.0   20.3   40   49.25 %
  LATVIA   10.7   10.7   10.9   11.7   12.1   11.9   23.3   48.93 %
  LITHUANIA   16.7   21.1   22.6   22.8   24.7   24.3   44.1   44.90 %
  ROMANIA   -   160.1   153.7   153.9   152.3   145.9   259.9   43.86 %
  BULGARIA   -   68.9   69.8   71.5   75.7   73.5   127.3   42.26 %
  HUNGARY   83.3   79.5   80.5   78.8   75.9   73.1   114.9   36.38 %
  POLAND   382.5   396.7   399   399.3   398.9   395.6   551.7   28.29 %
  SLOVAKIA   51.1   49.5   48.7   49.0   47.0   48.8   67.2   27.38 %
  CZECH REPUBLIC   147.5   147.1   145.6   149.1   150.8   141.4   180.6   21.71 %
  SWEDEN   70.9   69.7   67   66.9   65.4   64.0   75.2   14.89 %
  GREECE   137.2   137.6   139.2   128.1   131.9   126.9   139.6   9.10 %
  UNITED KINGDOM   658   660.4   657.4   647.9   636.7   628.2   678.3   7.39 %
  FRANCE   560.9   556.1   553.4   541.7   531.1   527.0   564   6.56 %
  BELGIUM   147.6   147.6   143.8   136.6   131.3   133.3   135.9   1.91 %
  GERMANY   1024.4   1025   1001.5   980.0   956.1   958.1   972.9   1.52 %
  FINLAND   85.4   81.2   69.3   79.9   78.3   70.1   71.1   1.41 %
 
% ABOVE KYOTO TARGET
  PORTUGAL   83.7   84.6   85.5   84.7   81.8   78.4   77.4   1.29 %
  NETHERLANDS   215.4   218.4   212.1   208.5   207.5   206.9   200.4   3.24 %
  IRELAND   68.4   68.6   69.9   69.7   69.2   67.4   63   6.98 %
  ITALY   577.3   580.5   582.2   563.0   552.8   541.5   485.7   11.49 %
  SLOVENIA   19.7   19.9   20.3   20.5   20.7   21.3   18.6   14.52 %
  DENMARK   73.6   68.2   63.9   71.0   66.6   63.8   54.8   16.42 %
  SPAIN   407.4   425.2   440.6   433.0   442.3   405.7   331.6   22.35 %
  AUSTRIA   92.5   91.2   93.3   91.6   88.0   86.6   68.7   26.06 %
  LUXEMBOURG   11.3   12.8   12.7   13.3   12.9   12.5   9.1   37.36 %
  MALTA   3.1   3.2   3.4   2.9   3.0   3.0   NO TARGET
  CYPRUS   9.2   9.9   9.9   9.9   10.1   10.2   NO TARGET

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) pollutes the air primarily as a result of road traffic. Similar to CO2, Nitrogen dioxide is produced by fossil fuel combustion processes.

These maps show results of satellite measurements over Europe.
They illustrate nitrogen dioxide as large scale pollutant, with rural background ground level concentrations in some areas around 30 µg/m³.
Long-term exposure to NO2 at concentrations of >= 40 µg/m³ will cause danger to people's health.
2004 2006

A Success Story

Since 1995 the European energy label has provided consumers with standardised information on energy consumption and performance criteria of major household appliances. The label helps consumers to identify the most efficient and thus energy cost saving appliances.

What products carry the EU Energy Label?

Light bulbs, cars and most electrical appliances (e.g. refrigerators, stoves, washing machines) carry the EU Energy Label.
The energy efficiency of the product is rated in energy levels ranging from A to G on the outside label. 'A' stands for the most energy efficient and 'G' for the least energy efficient.   The Energy Rating label enables consumers to compare the energy efficiency of appliances.
It is also an incentive for manufacturers to improve the energy performance of their products.

Apart from the clear color-coded classification there is also other information on the energy label. For example, the energy label for lightbulbs often shows its 'lumen', an indication of perceived power of light, and 'Watt', the consumption of joules of energy per second.

The New EU Energy Label

The EU introduced a new framework Directive on 19 June 2010. It introduces a new energy label layout which has nonetheless kept its uniform and simple design characteristics across the different product categories. Recently, also the qualification A+ and A++ were introduced for refrigerated appliances.

The new label is mandatory for refrigerators, freezers, wine appliances, washing machines, dishwashers and televisions starting December 2011.

Obligations for sellers

The main obligation for sellers is still to attach the label to the product at the point of
sale. The label is to be put on the outside of the front or top of the product, in such a way as to be clearly visible.
There is no obligation for dealers to relabel products at the point of sale. Products, which have been put into the market with the current label and are still on stock, may be displayed with this label without any time constraints.

Download the new Energy Label (professional)

 		washin-machine-label
Changes compared to the old label:
  • Depending on the product group, up to three additional classes, A+, A++, and A+++, will be added to the original A to G classification scheme.
  • The new label will be language-neutral. Country-specific plain text will be replaced by pictograms.
  • Each single product will be supplied with the full new label. The current practice in many countries is to provide the basic label and the data strip separately.
What does the classification actually mean?

Light bulbs

The label shows the classification of the lightbulb's electrical consumption relative to a standard (GLS or incandescent) light bulb that produces the same brightness (lumen).
Class A & B Energy savers fall in to these categories.
They are the most efficient type of light bulb and use up to 80% less energy than standard GLS light bulbs.
Class D Mains voltage halogen bulbs usually fall into this category.
Class E & F Standard incandescent light bulbs are the least efficient alternatives.
A B C D E F G
20-50% 50-75% 75-90% 90-100% 100-110% 110-125% >125%
Refrigerators and freezers

The number is calculated according to the consumption and the compartments' volume of the appliance.
This is an index, it is not calculated in kWh.
A++ A+ A B C D E F G
<30 <42 <55 <75 <90 <100 <110 <125 >125
Washing machines

For washing machines the energy efficiency scale is calculated using a cotton cycle at 60°C (140°F) with a maximum declared load. This load is typically 6 kg. The energy efficiency index is in kWh per kilogramme of washing.
A B C D E F G
<0.19 <0.23 <0.27 <0.31 <0.35 <0.39 >0.39
Dishwashers

The energy efficiency is calculated according to the number of place settings.
For the most common size of appliance, the 12 place setting machine the following classes apply.

The unit is expressed in kWh per 12 place settings.
A B C D E F G
<1.06 <1.25 <1.45 <1.65 <1.85 <2.05 >2.05
Cars

For cars it is not the electrical efficiency that is indicated, but its carbon dioxide emissions in grammes per kilometre travelled.
A B C D E F G
<100 <120 <140 <160 <200 <250 >250

Overview of EU Directives

 - EU Directives concerning the EU Energy label

renewables
The EU is working to reduce the effects of climate change and establish a common energy policy.
By 2020 renewable energy should account for 20% of the EU's final energy consumption (10.3% in 2008).
Consult the member state's renewable energy(RE) factsheets or browse through any of the charts.


Statistics on energy consumption, production and reserves, ranked by country.

  TOP 10     HEATING     LAUNDRY     LIGHTING     COOKING     REFRIGERATING     CARS     HOUSES     OFFICES  

Third Energy Package
Directive 2009/72/EC Directive on common rules for the internal market in electricity.
Directive 2009/73/ECDirective on common rules for the internal market in natural gas.
European Energy Label
Directive 98/11/ECImplementing Council Directive 92/75/EEC with regard to energy labelling of household lamps.
Regulation 106/2008On a Community energy-efficiency labelling programme for office equipment.
Directive 2003/66/ECImplementing Council Directive 92/75/EEC with regard to energy labelling of household electric refrigerators, freezers and their combinations
Directive 2010/30/EU Labelling and product information of energy consumption by energy-related products
Energy Networks
Communication 677/4 Energy infrastructure priorities for 2020 and beyond - A Blueprint for an integrated European energy network
Regulation 1775/2005On conditions for access to the natural gas transmission networks.
Directive 2005/89/ECConcerning measures to safeguard security of electricity supplyand infrastructure investment.
Energy Efficiency / Renewables
Communication 639 Energy 2020 - A strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy
Communication 5174 National RE Action Plans under Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Directive 2009/28/EC On the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.
Communication 105 Green paper - A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy.
Communication 105 (Annex) Green paper Annex - What is at stake, a background document.
Communication 30 20 20 by 2020 Europe's climate change opportunity.
Communication 6817Establishing harmonised efficiency reference values for separate production of electricity and heat.
Directive 2004/8/ECOn the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market.
Directive 2005/32/ECA framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-using products.
Directive 2006/32/ECOn energy end-use efficiency and energy services.
Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Directive 2002/91/ECOn the energy performance of buildings.
Directive 2010/10/EUOn the energy performance of buildings. 2002/91/EC Follow-up.
Fossil Fuels
Directive 2006/67/ECImposing an obligation on Member States to maintain minimum stocks of crude oil and/or petroleum products.
Directive 2003/55/ECConcerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas.
Directive 2004/67/ECConcerning measures to safeguard security of natural gas supply.
Regulation 405/2003Concerning Community monitoring of imports of hard coal originating in third countries.
Competition
Regalation 1228/2003On conditions for access to the network for cross-border exchanges in electricity.
Communication 192Progress in creating the internal gas and electricity market.
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